Impact of the Computer and Internet Essay

Computers first made there debut and have been around since in the 1940s and the Internet since in the 1970s. Computer were large single room unit that have changed into hand held devices and microchips. The Internet was a blog where people from all over the world could post questions and get answers and now the Internet has become a global search engine. In the future, computers and the Internet will not only continue to evolve; they will be every day aspect to living in this society. Computers will be the new tools for communication and also play a big part in our every day life. In the future, our day’s tasks will be checked using a personal robotic butler, the misplaced car keys will be located by entering the word keys into a cellphone and getting a call back saying bedroom. Our cars will be self driven and would be able to park themselves. After work, there may be ads on the shopping mall wall reconfigure to suit each person passing by, so when there is a sign for a concert, you buy a ticket by waving your cellphone over the billboard. This next wave of computers will be so small they hardly seem like computers at all. The screen of billboards will be able to broadcast different ad depending on the time of day or the person walking past. People will be able take a picture of the ad using their camera phones and use it as a coupon for the product being advertised. They may also be able to project imagies of family member which you talk to them on telephone call. In the future, the number one major issue will be privacy. We are currently leaving a digital footprints and it will only grow larger in the future. Tracking someone can be iillgal and has raised troubling privacy issues but in recents years people are giving up this information free. Websites like Twiter, Myspace and Facebook give people the ablity to post and check into area all around the world. People are also allowing strangors to know if they are on vaction and even some people are allowing their address and information to be put on these sites. The social inpact of allowing computer to expand will be huge. Police and government surveillance could go beyond wiretapping to body-tapping. Big business could track a person’s spending and shopping habits. On the criminal front, the sensors could enable better stalking, kidnapping, and theft now that our every location is broadcast to the world. The only way we’re going to be able to have privacy in the future is to have it legislated. People want our data and will do anything to get it. We need to be able to protect ourselves and the only was to do it in the future is to not allow computer to tap into our lives. The internet brings as wide an audience together as possible. With the importance of accessibility getting the recognition it deserves lately. Rather than reading and clicking, the people will be able to tell a browser where they want to go with spoken commands. People now read newspapers watch television and listen to the radio via the Internet and soon all of our communications phones, TV, and the Web will be delivered over a high-speed â€Å"broadband† connection. People are also creating their own media including blog posts, music and videos and sharing them with huge audiences without needing permission from the gatekeepers. The Internet is changing the way most everyone experiences media. According to Free Press. com â€Å"It could become the central nervous system of a healthy democracy the greatest engine for free speech, civic engagement and economic growth ever known†. It may be our last, best hope to make an end-run around the traditional media gatekeepers. There is a similar threat to society because of the open Internet today, and the stakes couldn’t be higher. High-speed Internet access is fast becoming a basic public necessity, just like water or electricity. To protect free-flowing Internet access for everyone, people need to get involved. It has gone from lifeless and robotic to something a lot more palatable in the last few years, and seems to continue to improve. Another issue could be keeping some users away because that the Internet can be a vast and scary place. Audio surfing could be perfect for the commuters, children learning to read, step-by-step tutorials as well as the casual multitasking user. In the future, web surfing could be available on any device. It seems the technology industry is eager to integrate the Internet into every device. People will start by adding touch-screens to fridges and other appliances might create new opportunities and challenges for interfacing. Touch screen technology is only scratching the surface on intuitive pproaches to interfacing. More widespread Internet delivery will mean reaching a wider audience. The major weakness to the increase of connected devices comes in the same flavor as the raging net neutrality issues being discussed today. If the Internet is tied into content devices like televisions, broadcasting companies might start pulling more of their annoying control-freak shenanigans in an attempt to capture a greater audience. This will be temporary; the battle of old-media vs. the Internet has only one ending for years, the Internet has been about serving the singular user. With the growing need and importance of online community, multiple-user experiences seem like the next logical step. The social impact of the internet will be negative at the rate the internet is going. As people use the internet more, they will be able to keeping up with people more, spending less time talking with their families, and feeling more lonely and depressed due to the lack of human interaction. These results can change interpersonal communication was their most important reason for using the Internet. Online platforms, for instance, have reduced the costs of communicating and minimized the impact of barriers like time and geography. In conclusion, computers and the Internet will not only continue to evolve; they will be every day aspect to living in this society. Computers will be the new tools for communication and also play a big part in our everyday life. The internet will bring us wider audiences and accessibility to people all over the world. Both will have negative and positive aspect in society but may bring the world as we know it closer.

Persuasive speech – We are in this room today, as children, to reflect on a sad trut

We are in this room today, as children, to reflect on a sad truth. We have, today, been to several classes. Indeed, this is our weekly routine: school. Many of you dislike school but have you ever considered how lucky you are ? For instance, many children around the world are not as privileged as we are. According to the UNICEF, an estimated 250 million children in the world are in regular employment or as it is commonly referred to, suffer from the worst form of child labour At the moment, at the very same time as you and I are in this classroom, children in Soudan are working in coal mines are crawling in small tunnels which could collapse at any moment, causing death or serious injuries to the young miners. At the moment, girls in India are making bricks in the 40 degrees heat for house and are carrying them on their backs for up to as 10 miles to their destination. Also, at this same moment, children in Thailand are working in factories doing the same repetitive and tedious job all day long while dreaming of having the privilege to be educated. We are here today to fight against the worst form of child labour. Our opposite party might say that the role of children in child labour is essential to a family's economy. Many people in favor of child labour say that without children helping their parents in farms for example, the family will not be able to harvest the food in time resulting in starvation in wintertime and possible death. Those in favour of child labour ask us: as we protest against child labour, do we realize that millions of families would die of starvation ? This is why, those against child labour now fight against the worst forms of child labour. I believe that children should have the right to go to school and be properly educated. Don't you ? I believe that children should have the right to stop working when their work is unnecessary to their family's welfare. Don't you agree ? As one observer says: â€Å"We worry about what a child will become tomorrow , yet we forget that he or she is someone today.† I believe that childhood is one of the most important stage of life. It is a time that is precious, a child should grow up in innocence and should not be working. Someone once said: † All things are difficult before they are easy.† Yes, stopping the worst form of child labour will be difficult at first but with your help, we can make a difference ! I personally believe that a person with hope and courage can change the world ! Martin Luther King said: † All labour that uplifts humanity has dignity and importance and should be undertaken with painstaking excellence.†Our work to stop child labour will and can uplift humanity and change the lives of millions of children who work in the most horrific conditions. I believe that, together; we can change the world. But to do so, we will need help. We will need help to free the millions of children who suffer from the worst form of child labour. So join us, today, in the struggle to stop child labour !

Strategic Hospitality Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Strategic Hospitality Management - Essay Example The year 2007 saw a major restructuring for the Accor group with regard to its hotel businesses. The Sofitel group which was classified under the up-market luxury category repositioned itself as a hotel with a French touch. This could be because Sofitel's origins were in France. (Pouillat and Chabrot). The concept now is that each hotel in the chain will be unique in design and architecture that will be suited to the region where it is run. Two sister brands will be introduced in 2009 namely, Sofitel Legend and So by Sofitel. During the years 2006 Sofitel sold one French hotel and six hotels in the USA to streamline its operations and to improve cash flow. The US hotels were sold off for 370 million USD. In 2007 two more hotels in the US were sold for 225 million USD to a GEM Realty Capital of which Accor was a joint venture partner. (Press Release: Accor Announces Sale and Management Back of Sofitel Hotels in New York and Philadelphia). Earlier that year, thirty Accor properties in UK were sold off for 11 million Euros. "Financially, the transaction will enable Accor to reduce its adjusted net debt by '584 million, of which '172 million will be added to the Group's cash reserves. It will have no impact on EBITDA but will add '7 million to 2007 profit before tax." (Press Release: Accor Sells 30 Hotel Properties in the United Kingdom for '711 Million and Signs a Development Partnership with Land Securities, p.1). These are just examples of the selling spree set about by Accor to decrease its net debt and for its major restructuring strategies for the whole group including Sofitel. Human resources challenge: The major restructuring done at Sofitel has created some challenges in the human resources department. Because the hotel chain has reinvented itself under a French image, the staff will now have to be trained or hired accordingly to suit the tastes of lovers of French cuisine and style. As mentioned earlier the new image will result in each hotel having its unique style and architecture, depending on its location and will be blended with its French image. This will create challenges for employees because of the lack standardization and uniformity across its hotels. As a result the group has revamped its strategies to be brand specific. This will entail in creation of a diversified training program that will fit the needs of each of its hotels. The detailed human resources plan was presented to the Geneva based European Works Council as a part of discussion and approval. In order to support these changes at Sofitel and also other strategic changes in the groups the Accor group had started and training school for its employees called the Accor Academy. Apart from general and on the job training, the groups also have three certification programs for its employees. The first one is a skills certification process which it has just introduced and plans to expand worldwide by the year 2010. The success of any organization depends on its top and middle level leadership. With a long term vision in mind the group has started a program called the "GM Pass personalized career development program to train future hotel general managers." (Intensified Training Initiatives. 2007). The third initiative is a advanced training program for managers and future managers with high potential so that they can be developed further. They also have t he potential to become part of the top management of the company later. There have been two key area of challenge for Sofitel and

CULTURAL DIMENSIONS IN ADVERTISING Research Paper

CULTURAL DIMENSIONS IN ADVERTISING - Research Paper Example Therefore, the researcher found that a mix of Spanish and English is most effective in these populations, as it mixes accommodation and respect (the Spanish part of the ad) with a positive feeling of linguistic security (the English part of the ad). Meanwhile, in all countries, there is a negative side to advertising. This negative side is that advertising encourages a feeling of inadequacy, and advertising also denigrates traditional social norms. The question that needs to be answered is what are the specific connotations that English convey in the different countries that are covered by the research, and why is advertising considered to be negative in some instances? I. Sociolinguistic Aspects of English Advertising A. In Japan The use of English in the country of Japan is becoming an increasingly popular phenomenon. The attribution of the high number of loan words in Japan dates back to the Meiji Restoration in 1868, in which Japan was transformed from feudal to a modern state by adopting Western civilization (Takashi, 1990, p. 327). There are a high number of English loan words in the Japanese language, much more so than loan words from European nations. English loan words represent 80.8% of Western loan words in Japan, with the other western loan words coming from France, Germany, Italian and Dutch (Takashi, 1990, p. 327). This is because the Japanese study English more than any other foreign language. There is some thought that the Japanese people regard English as representative of something cosmopolitan and international, and modern English words are seen as conveying sophistication and modernity, especially in they are used in advertising. (Takashi, 1990, p. 327). Part of the reason for this is because, before, 1931, English words were used in Japan for new concepts and things (Takashi, 1990, p. 327). Previous studies indicate that Japanese males use English loan words more when talking about academic subjects, as opposed to every day life, while Japa nese females use English when speaking on every day topics, as opposed to academic topics. (Takashi, 1990, p. 328). Other studies indicated that commercials that were aired in European languages, such as English, German, French and Italian, and used Western imagery, such as background music, scenery, and a Western person, conveyed the social values and stereotypes attached to these languages. (Takashi, 1990, p. 328). Still other studies showed that young Japanese girls use English loanwords when they want to appear fashionable. (Takashi, 1990 328). Takashi's (1990) study focused upon the language of contemporary advertising, particularly the usage of English in the Japanese contemporary advertising. The focus was on the use of English loan words in Japanese advertising, with 506 Japanese commercials with English loan words and 413 print advertisements with these loan words. For the purpose of this study, the term â€Å"loan word† denoted any English word that had been morphol ogically, phonologically and syntactically integrated into the Japanese language. The study also delineated advertisements that were aimed at specific populations, such as female, young and old, and sought to discover how loan words were used in these specifically targeted advertisements. The study found a total of 5,556 English loan words

Housing Prices Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Housing Prices - Essay Example As it takes time for new housing to be constructed (in case of no overbuilding left from previous periods and thus existing housing stock being insufficient to meet the newly increasing demand) the supply cannot react fast to the demand shocks and thus increased prices will stay for some time until the supply is sufficient. Increased prices motivate construction firms to increase their output levels dramatically as the profit margins to be received from housing due to these high prices are expected to be high. That is why the real estate market is prone to known "hog cycles" or "herd behavior"2 where the construction companies overestimate the market demand and thus are myopic and construct too much supply. Other theories claim that actions of constructors to thoughtfully produce more than can consumed over short span of time are rational acts and are based on their trying to take advantage of economies of scale in production and thus economize on each unit of housing to be produced. Also, it is not irrational to have expectations of the economic upswing to be followed by some structural economic changes which will further lead to economic development or increase in the total population of the region due to this better economic conditions of living. Economic development is cyclical and the influence of the factor that lead to economic upturn has its' term. After the factor is not in power any longer, the economy starts stabilizing with real purchasing power not growing any longer. This is usually the time when the majority of the new housing supply comes on the market and it will be absorbed slowly with the prices dropping and vacancies occurring. The downward pressure on the market will sustain until the next economic upturn or until all the overbuilt housing supply is consumed. The biggest problem is that very often construction firm being overoptimistic about the housing or in general real estate prices develop land by using borrowed money. Once they bring on the market their product, the cycle is already in another stage which makes difficult for companies to generate enough income to pay back their loans. The highest risk of overproduction exists in real estate segments where the construction terms are the longest, demand is most uncertain and construction is irreversible. That is why some developers try to eliminate the risk and deliver to the market not niched products but ordinary housing. This further aggravates the crisis as the stock becomes not varied and overproduction is especially significant within some segments of the market. The similar situation was observed during famous real estate which lead to banking crisis in Sweden in 1991 and was also considered a global real estate crisis with numerous international investors being in the market. The theory behind the occurrence of International housing cycles is the interrelationship of overall economic development in the different global regions and due to this increased interrelationship between economies investors find

Friction Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

Friction - Lab Report Example From the experiment, it is clear that the static friction force for block with one weight and block for two weight is higher than the kinetic friction force for both masses. This is to enable the object move at a constant velocity. The static friction force for block with one weight and two weight were 6.254  ± 0.7658 N and 3.773  ± 0.4060 N respectively. While the kinetic friction for the same masses was 2.472  ± 0.1193 N and 1.361 ± 0.09464 N. respectively. On the other hand, the co-efficient of static friction for block with one weight and two weight was 0.6134  ±0.20297 and 0.5667 ± 0.1224 respectively. While, co-efficient of kinetic friction for the same masses were 0.22127 ± 0.1224 and 0.22400  ± 0.019076. Both the coefficient of static and kinetic friction was consistent with the values obtained by other groups. These result shows that the coefficient of static friction reduces as more weight is added to the object. The same scenario is also witnessed with the coefficient of kinetic friction. However, for a clear relationship to be obtained between the co-efficient of both static and kinetic friction more weights needs to be added on the object so as to obtain a good relationship. The obtained results showed that 70 % of the measurement lied in the (average  ± one std. deviation). While, 97.5 % of the friction force lied in the (average  ± two std. deviation). Even though, the percentages of the measurements that lie (average  ± one std. deviation) and (average  ± two std. deviation) are slightly higher than 68 % and 95 % respectively. These results are can be said to be normally

Facebook list on nasdaq Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Facebook list on nasdaq - Essay Example A good number of these individuals basically use it for socialization while an equally reasonable number of the users also use it for business. This is evident from the increasing number of pages dedicated to commercial reason or building company relations all which cements business revenue. The Facebook functions increase the popularity of the site and business uses takes this popularity to a whole new level which is established when people look at the site as a revenue booster. Again, this brings in a totally new dimension beyond the social role; it portrays Facebook not as a social platform but a commercial site. This is the greatest disconnect with the regular Facebook user because the initial spirit seems to fade with passage of time. My initial view of Facebook, and notably that of the general public, was that Facebook was a purely social site thus when it transitions to a commercial site, then the prior views and its role fades with the transition. It soon loses its dominant role which is the single aspect that separated it from the likes of Google and Yahoo. The latter two companies defined their purpose as search engines early on in their operations. To me, this was the reason they have remained dominant to date. This is because the single role they undertook a t the beginning is the very same they have stuck with throughout. Unfortunately, we cannot say this of Facebook since they seem to slowly deviate from the very role that made it famous (Wankel and Charles 280). Even though the numbers represent a perfect opportunity for investors to cash in, my greatest problem is with the social function; the social role Facebook has been associated with. It is quite certain that with public listing, the company’s orientation will definitely change the scenario. It will initiate a change from revenue generation which has been the case to profit maximization. The millions of shareholders who will

Interracial Relationships Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Interracial Relationships - Essay Example Hence, acculturation has been in vogue particularly from the second half of the last century, and people have not only given up the policy of ethno-racial hatred, but are also entering into matrimonial relationships with the individuals belonging to the races that were considered to be inferior and rival ones for the last many centuries. â€Å"Of course racial mixture is nothing new – it has been the history of the world. What stand out as novel are the forms of political contestation gathering around the topic of ‘mixed race’† (Parker & Song 2001, 1) 1 It is a reality beyond suspicion that there certainly exists a significant proportion of society that views his race as inferior one in comparison to others and enters into marital knot with some other ethnic group in order to conceal its complex on the one hand, and produce comparatively better generation in the form of bi-cultural children on the other. However, the history is replete with several examples of interracial love affairs, which end into happy marital union without displaying the slightest signs of inferiority complexes in the background. As we approach the twenty-first century biracialism and biculturalism are becoming increasingly common. Skin color and place of birth are no longer reliable signifiers of one's identity or origin. (O’Hearn 2008) The literary pieces, including â€Å"How It Feels to be Coloured to Me†, by Zora Neale Hurston, express the sentiment and feelings of the Blacks while their interaction with the majority white community of the USA. Similarly, Amiri Baraka's play â€Å"SOS† (1964) also serves as a gorgeous expression of the pain one feels out of the miseries and complexes the minority ethnic groups undergo while living far from their native land. The contemporary era has witnessed tremendous growth and developments in the field of communications in the aftermath of rapid technological advancements. Consequently, travelling fro m one part of the globe to the others has become vehemently popular, swift and easy. People move to the advanced regions, including the USA and Europe, in the pursuit of superior employment, health, education and career prospects, which has forced the people of divergent racial groups to live in the multi-cultural society and to work in the multi-racial organizations. Gone are the days when the African Americans were brought as slaves in chains for the labor, toil and substandard services from their native land, and were looked down upon by the Arabs, Turks, White Anglo Saxon Population (WASP) and others as inferior creature. As a result, an overwhelming majority of the Blacks, Chinese and Japanese marry the whites taking into a step towards their growth and progress in the social hierarchy. The Blacks were humiliated and abhorred by the whites and they were not allowed to travel and inter-dine even with the whites, and they were deprived of even basic necessities of life. The same was the fate of the yellow races including the Chinese, Japanese, Koreans and others. However, the situation took drastic turn and the brave and courageous Blacks launched the Harlem

Write a response to Rothstein and Jacobsens The Goals of Education Essay

Write a response to Rothstein and Jacobsens The Goals of Education - Essay Example nia establish a public school that should, he said, place as much emphasis on physical as on intellectual fitness because â€Å"exercise invigorates the soul as well as the body.† (Rothstein, et. al.)George Washington went a step further. He argued that â€Å"goals for public schools were also political and moral.†(Rothstein, et. al.) The suggestions of Thomas Jefferson were purely political. He â€Å"most often linked with education in the public mind, thought universal public education needed primarily to prepare voters to exercise wise judgment.†(Rothstein, et.al.) So, the perspective about education changed, as time rolled by and change in the political leadership of the country. I am reminded of the parable of four visually challenged (blind) persons in argument about the shape of the elephant. One had the feel of its long tail and argued that the shape of the elephant is long. The second one, who touched one of its legs, said the shape is like the tree. The third one touched its trunk and said the shaped is like a rubber hose. The fourth one had the feel of the ear and said that the shape is like a giant leaf. An eye surgeon, who listened to their conversation, took them to his dispensary, operated upon their eyes and he was able to restore the eyesight. When he showed them the elephant, they realized that their judgment was wrong. Similar is position of the politicians, sociologists, academicians and the bureaucrats, when they tender opinions and try to frame the policy on the system of education that needs to be adopted in America. None has the comprehensive outlook about the genuine needs of the students in a multicultural, multi-ethnic society that suf fered from the bane of racism for more than two centuries. The goal of education needs to be man making. Within this broad goal, all other subsidiary yet important goals are integrated. According to the authors, reading scores alone will not go to mold an individual into a responsible citizen with abilities

Frank Special Filed a Claim Against Ivo A. Baux, M.D Case Study

Frank Special Filed a Claim Against Ivo A. Baux, M.D - Case Study Example However, medical examiner Barbara Wolf, who performed an autopsy, stated that no AFE was revealed, while it is usually revealed in such cases. The fault of Dr. Baux was actively disputed. Petitioner claimed that the testimony of the important witness, Gary Didly, M. D. was considered in the wrong way by Judge Kelley. Gary Didly was an expert invited by defendants to confirm that the cases of AFE are not so rare as it was stated by the experts invited by Plaintiff. After the cross-examination Special was sure that he undermined the conclusion made by Daily, however, the court did not accept that and considered this to be an impeachment. The judgment was made in favor of the Defendants and Dr. Baux was considered not guilty. Petitioner wanted to have a new trial stating that the medical center has an epidemic of amniotic fluid embolism. He applied to the Fourth District Court of Appeal, which stated that â€Å"[t]o avoid a new trial, the beneficiary of the error in the trial court must show on appeal that it is more likely than not that the error did not influence the trier of fact and thereby contribute to the verdict† Id. at 771. On October 19, 2007 the verdict was returned for Defendants. On June 23, 2010 majority opinion was issued stating that the error made by the judge who did not include the testimony of Gary Deadly, was minor and did not influence much the case and the verdict. Discretionary jurisdiction was considered not necessary because even if the case is reconsidered, the opposite verdict would not be reached in any case. The claim of Special was rejected and the case was not reconsidered. Special sued Dr. Baux because his wife died after her delivery. However, she was about 40 years old and had problems with health during her pregnancy. The results of delivery testify that the child was successfully delivered, thus spinal anesthesia was made properly.

Racial and Ethnic Stereotypes Essay Example for Free

Racial and Ethnic Stereotypes Essay People being indiscriminate based on partial and inexact information by sources as television, cartoons or even comic books This is a description that seems to go against many public standards. The above words are the exact description of stereotypes. Stereotypes as implicit from the description, goes mostly hand in hand with media only not the standard meaning of the blameless media we know. Media propaganda is the other form of media that is somewhat described as media treatment. In this paper, the subsequent will be discussed: first, how stereotypes of ethnic groups operate in propaganda, why does it function so satisfactorily, and finally, the consequences of these stereotypes on the life of Egyptians in particular in society. A fair inspection will be conducted on this example of stereotypes through clarification examples and research consequences from researches conducted from reliable sources. The real association between Egyptians’ stereotypes and propaganda discussed in this paper shall magnify the suggestion of stereotypes and propaganda in common. It seems essential for this paper to start with some clarification of the circumstances related with propaganda. Propaganda can be thought of as a foster parent for stereotypes. Propaganda is recognized to be the planned manipulation of public opinion through concealed messages in advertisements and other media functions. Thus, propaganda uses numerous techniques to be able to consign theses hidden messages to the public and influence their view. Fear, brainwashing, name calling, glittering generality, misinformation and much more are some of the ways that propaganda uses to persuade and manipulate the opinions of the masses. Propaganda finds the usefulness of stereotypes in the fact that it’s easy, quick and direct to the public. In the case of stereotypes about ethnic groups, Egyptians in this case are being portrayed as uneducated, unethical, ignorant, desert animal raisers, terrorists and uncultured ethnic group. These name calling and misinformation techniques are what propagandists use to contrive the society to portray Egyptians as humans of the underworld and Egypt as a deserted country that hunger and ill health are its residents. The preceding are all stereotypes that are propagandas of the media to convince such generality into truth and facts. Racial stereotypes particularly function usually through propaganda of the media, due to the improbability of every man travelling to every country, with the technique of ‘misinformation’ through movies, shows, and news reports. Egyptians have been stereotyped as desert residents for many years regardless of the reality and actual state of Egypt as a country. For instance, the stereotypes pointing that Egyptians are mostly uneducated due to their ignorance of the importance of education is proven false by studies of trustworthy sources. Among those studies, the one conducted by the American university in Cairo, Egypt. Al-Ahram weekly, a credible newspaper known all across the Arab world, has posted in its October issue of 1998 the following: â€Å"According to Sahar El-Tawila, the essential researcher on the team, interviews conducted with girls and boys nationwide demonstrate convincingly that work and marriage were rarely stated by boys and girls respectively as reasons for departing school†¦ These may be options for those who have already left school, but they are not the impetus behind their decision to leave† (Al-Ahram 1998). Therefore, according to an American research, Egyptians are not uneducated conceited nation. After all, there is at least an American University known worldwide built in Cairo where many Egyptians have gotten their Bachelors, Masters and PhD’s from. Still, the media has successfully manipulated the public opinion to reason Egyptians as desert wonderers. Now that the first concern, of how such Egyptian-bashing stereotypes work in propaganda, has been discussed, an interesting question then must be asked: how did it come about so successfully for the public of North America to view Egyptians in such state of mind? Media being a powerful information source to the majority of North Americans, and sometimes the only source of information about specific ethnic groups, has the ability to convince the public viewpoints and opinions. Of course with stereotypes powered by propaganda in movies is very thriving in view of that American films are the most favored and appreciated media function. Openly, in one of the movie reviews now on a review website about the movie â€Å"The Mummy† which takes place in Egypt from start to end, the subsequent sentence was stated: â€Å"The Mummy is a lot of fun. So the story is unsophisticated and the characters are all stereotypes (particularly the Egyptians, who are either noble desert warriors or smelly illiterate pig-things). Who cares? The special effects are truly spectacular. † (Jennifer Mellerick, 1999). Easily, stereotypes are even expected by who understands them and the media propaganda generates more and more. To attest that such depiction is a stereotype and not fact, the website ‘Egypt WWW Index’ has a list of all universities in Egypt (an estimated thirty educational institutions in total), many links to political and governmental committees and services, business, commercial, and entertainment facilities, as well as links to political women figures in the Egyptian society. More than the average North American could even imagine of Egypt , and it is all owed to the media propaganda that produced this image of Egyptians. People being indiscriminate based on partial and inexact information by sources as television, cartoons or even comic books This is a description that seems to go against many public standards. The above words are the exact description of stereotypes. Stereotypes as implicit from the description, goes mostly hand in hand with media only not the standard meaning of the blameless media we know. Media propaganda is the other form of media that is somewhat described as media treatment. In this paper, the subsequent will be discussed: first, how stereotypes of ethnic groups operate in propaganda, why does it function so satisfactorily, and finally, the consequences of these stereotypes on the life of Egyptians in particular in society. A fair inspection will be conducted on this example of stereotypes through clarification examples and research consequences from researches conducted from reliable sources. The real association between Egyptians’ stereotypes and propaganda discussed in this paper shall magnify the suggestion of stereotypes and propaganda in common. It seems essential for this paper to start with some clarification of the circumstances related with propaganda. Propaganda can be thought of as a foster parent for stereotypes. Propaganda is recognized to be the planned manipulation of public opinion through concealed messages in advertisements and other media functions. Thus, propaganda uses numerous techniques to be able to consign theses hidden messages to the public and influence their view. Fear, brainwashing, name calling, glittering generality, misinformation and much more are some of the ways that propaganda uses to persuade and manipulate the opinions of the masses. Propaganda finds the usefulness of stereotypes in the fact that it’s easy, quick and direct to the public. In the case of stereotypes about ethnic groups, Egyptians in this case are being portrayed as uneducated, unethical, ignorant, desert animal raisers, terrorists and uncultured ethnic group. These name calling and misinformation techniques are what propagandists use to contrive the society to portray Egyptians as humans of the underworld and Egypt as a deserted country that hunger and ill health are its residents. The preceding are all stereotypes that are propagandas of the media to convince such generality into truth and facts. Racial stereotypes particularly function usually through propaganda of the media, due to the improbability of every man travelling to every country, with the technique of ‘misinformation’ through movies, shows, and news reports. Egyptians have been stereotyped as desert residents for many years regardless of the reality and actual state of Egypt as a country. For instance, the stereotypes pointing that Egyptians are mostly uneducated due to their ignorance of the importance of education is proven false by studies of trustworthy sources. Among those studies, the one conducted by the American university in Cairo, Egypt. Al-Ahram weekly, a credible newspaper known all across the Arab world, has posted in its October issue of 1998 the following: â€Å"According to Sahar El-Tawila, the essential researcher on the team, interviews conducted with girls and boys nationwide demonstrate convincingly that work and marriage were rarely stated by boys and girls respectively as reasons for departing school†¦ These may be options for those who have already left school, but they are not the impetus behind their decision to leave† (Al-Ahram 1998). Therefore, according to an American research, Egyptians are not uneducated conceited nation. After all, there is at least an American University known worldwide built in Cairo where many Egyptians have gotten their Bachelors, Masters and PhD’s from. Still, the media has successfully manipulated the public opinion to reason Egyptians as desert wonderers. Now that the first concern, of how such Egyptian-bashing stereotypes work in propaganda, has been discussed, an interesting question then must be asked: how did it come about so successfully for the public of North America to view Egyptians in such state of mind? Media being a powerful information source to the majority of North Americans, and sometimes the only source of information about specific ethnic groups, has the ability to convince the public viewpoints and opinions. Of course with stereotypes powered by propaganda in movies is very thriving in view of that American films are the most favored and appreciated media function. Openly, in one of the movie reviews now on a review website about the movie â€Å"The Mummy† which takes place in Egypt from start to end, the subsequent sentence was stated: â€Å"The Mummy is a lot of fun. So the story is unsophisticated and the characters are all stereotypes (particularly the Egyptians, who are either noble desert warriors or smelly illiterate pig-things). Who cares? The special effects are truly spectacular. † (Jennifer Mellerick, 1999). Easily, stereotypes are even expected by who understands them and the media propaganda generates more and more. To attest that such depiction is a stereotype and not fact, the website ‘Egypt WWW Index’ has a list of all universities in Egypt (an estimated thirty educational institutions in total), many links to political and governmental committees and services, business, commercial, and entertainment facilities, as well as links to political women figures in the Egyptian society. More than the average North American could even imagine of Egypt , and it is all owed to the media propaganda that produced this image of Egyptians. Racial and Ethnic Stereotypes Furthermore, Egyptians are stereotyped to be uninformed owing to the reality that they are thought of as technology uneducated. In a website found throughout the study on this topic, a person of an Indian ethnicity by the given name of Shani Rifati has set up a website, which he calls â€Å"Please Call Me Rom†. To right the depiction of his race to North Americans, Shani said: â€Å"I am not a Gypsy. The term Gypsy comes from peoples ignorance, when we were wrong for Egyptians† (Rifati). Remarkable huh! Here is an example of a person that is defending his own nationality from stereotypes, yet uses stereotypes. What is even more interesting than that is the reality that the Egyptian history has been known to be the supreme civilization of all times, yet such culture is simply bashed by supercilious that all Egyptians are just ignorant Gypsies. â€Å" African American and Latino children who are aware of broadly held stereotypes about academic aptitude perform more disappointingly on a cognitive task when that task is described as a measure of capability than when the same task is described as a problem-solving duty. † (Carol Hyman 2003). Therefore racial or ethnic stereotypes that work in media propaganda or rather called media manipulation, has not only had influences on adults, but also is passed over with the youth of tomorrow. It is easy to give out information with no truthful back up, but the public inclination is what can moreover stop media propaganda from disturbing the public opinion or simply energize such unsafe aspect of the media, stereotypes. Furthermore, Egyptians are stereotyped to be uninformed owing to the reality that they are thought of as technology uneducated. In a website found throughout the study on this topic, a person of an Indian ethnicity by the given name of Shani Rifati has set up a website, which he calls â€Å"Please Call Me Rom†. To right the depiction of his race to North Americans, Shani said: â€Å"I am not a Gypsy. The term Gypsy comes from peoples ignorance, when we were wrong for Egyptians† (Rifati). Remarkable huh! Here is an example of a person that is defending his own nationality from stereotypes, yet uses stereotypes. What is even more interesting than that is the reality that the Egyptian history has been known to be the supreme civilization of all times, yet such culture is simply bashed by supercilious that all Egyptians are just ignorant Gypsies. â€Å" African American and Latino children who are aware of broadly held stereotypes about academic aptitude perform more disappointingly on a cognitive task when that task is described as a measure of capability than when the same task is described as a problem-solving duty. † (Carol Hyman 2003). Therefore racial or ethnic stereotypes that work in media propaganda or rather called media manipulation, has not only had influences on adults, but also is passed over with the youth of tomorrow. It is easy to give out information with no truthful back up, but the public inclination is what can moreover stop media propaganda from disturbing the public opinion or simply energize such unsafe aspect of the media, stereotypes.

Benjamin Franklin’s Life and Study Essay Example for Free

Benjamin Franklin’s Life and Study Essay The following discussion is based on an article, â€Å"Franklin, Modernity, and Themes of Dissent in the Early Modern Era† by â€Å"Carla Mulford† from â€Å"Modern Language Studies, Vol. 28, No. 2. (Spring 1998), pp. 13-27. This has been taken from â€Å"JSTOR† Archives. JSTOR Archive is a trusted digital repository for academic journals and scholarly literature around the world. It is supported by Libraries and Scholar Societies. The article discusses about Franklin’s views on Religion, Metaphysics and Deism. One can see how dissent was meant in Franklin’s days and how it’s perceived now. Creation of American Dream, learning about socio metaphysical ways of leading a life and several facets of Franklin’s views on religion can be seen here. Franklin was a precursor among â€Å"natural scientists† and his work on natural philosophy is also discussed here. Also his association with his friend’s daughter as a tutor and assisting her to pursue her study on natural philosophy and his views on historical production can be examined. He was more a deist than an atheist but people see him more as an atheist in his days and some of his family members too were of the same view. His similarities with George Whitman and other personalities are discussed. His spoofs on religion, advice to people to indulge in philosophy and to be useful to fellow beings, his facts about Bible and Christianity during her grand fathers’ days can be examined here. Franklin was a pioneer in more than one field and he was also a successful businessman and a diplomat. In author’s view, history production involves some assumptions about the past and some relevance to national myth making and silencing the past. Since the stories of the past are forever expandable, the accumulation of multiple stories blocks a nation’s ability to accommodate stories of other sort which might disrupt the conventional and accepted wisdom about their founding fathers. She quotes Trouillot suggestion that if the producers of the stories in the past lived inequalities then the stories yield unequal historical power (Carla Mulford, P 13). In the same context she says, US citizens who knows much about Benjamin Franklin doesn’t know about his son and who bore him and the records which exist are silent on this issue. Also when people speak about confederation and constitution, they tend to speak about Anglo-American debates and the Civil war instead of the native people representing the six nations. Also she quoted Benedict Anderson’s words; US community alienates themselves from conventional ideas of â€Å"dynastic empires, absolutisms, serfdoms, ghettoes† and is more inclined to â€Å"republican institutions, nation-states† (Carla Mulford, P 15). Benjamin Franklin was a Scholar, Deist, Philanthropist, Writer, Diplomat, Journalist, Civil Leader and a Scientist. There is more to his astounding brilliance in every respective field. Franklin and Religion: His was a puritan family and it had much influence on him. His religious views were simple and straightforward. According to him, religion should make people do more good and help our fellow beings. Deists don’t believe in orthodoxy and age old superstitious customs. Although he was a deist, he was more outspoken and sometimes confesses that this doctrine though true is less useful in making people virtuous. He always believes that service to mankind is service to God. He had Unitarian views and sometimes visits Unitarian Churches along with his friends. However he cannot be included among the Unitarians as he never openly stated about his inclination towards Unitarianism. He used to go to Unitarian Churches with his friends. According to Wikipedia, â€Å"Deism is a religious philosophy and movement that derives the existence and nature of god from reason and personal experience in contrast to theism†. He rejects orthodox Christian views. In a way he dissents the principles of Church. In his days, dissents were those who speak against church. Religion used to be associated with almost everything and hence to speak against something orthodox was treated as dissentious. Explaining about the dissenting nature of his family he says how his Great Great Grandfather conceals the English Bible from the officers of the spiritual court. He admires the Evangelist Preacher, George Whitefield. He says religion should be the best way in explaining morals to the people. In Geoffrey Sills lines of similarity between Franklin and Whitman Their strong interest in science and technology and America was a radical experiment in democracy and their similar views on religious dissent†. Thus Franklin’s view of religion as a moral freedom brings closer outlook on the religion disciplines which people follow. He had friends among Unitarians, Deists and other religions. He treats all religions the same. When he supported his friend to setup a Unitarian Church he stated that whoever leader comes irrespective of religion should be allowed to preach. On his funeral, people who thronged to see him were a mix of all religions. There were views in those times that people who believe in science doubt religion. Franklin doesn’t agree to this. Instead he sometimes confesses the virtues of religion. Franklin, a Scientist: Franklin was arguably the first American Scientist. He crossed the Gulf Stream and he used to take weather forecasts on his horse ridings. He studied storms and discovered Electricity. He was also the founding father of Civic Science in America. One can see Franklin flying a kite in their school text books. Being a Civic Scientist, he did public service and organized sermons. He formed the JUNTO, a discussion group for his friends, leaders and business people. He promoted Libraries, Civic Societies and Education, Hospitals and Schools. He developed Mail Delivery System and Dead Letter Office. With one of his French friends, he once queried, â€Å"What signifies Philosophy that doesn’t apply to some use? † He regards insects worthy of an enquiry and research because, as per him, even appropriate use of insects can benefit humans. He says one should never neglect one’s essential duties in keeping line with the study. He wrote in â€Å"Poor Richard† for October, 1750, â€Å"Hide not your Talents, they for use were made, / what’s a Sun-Dial in a Shade! † He invented Franklin stove and bi focal lens. He also studied sea water luminescence and ocean temperatures. He explained about the dangers of Lead Poisoning and hypothesized about Wave Theory of Light. Franklin, a Diplomat: He encourages Education. He wasn’t sent to school due to his father’s poverty. He was mostly self educated. He worked in a printer shop initially and then later shifted to work in a press. He was one of the founding fathers of America. His role in American Revolution is still remembered. Franklin was courageous and bold and had very good rapport with French and resolved most of the issues during the war. Franklin with all his diplomacy skills worked in forming a peace treaty during the war with French. He helped in the establishment of Pennsylvania’s first State University. A town was named after him due to his services. He was also famous for his anecdotes. Conclusion: This article covers almost all aspects of Benjamin Franklin, his personality and his achievements. I can clearly examine his views on religion and how he was a dissent among his people. Till date whenever I hear of Franklin, I can only imagine a bald guy flying a kite and running as this should be the case with most of the people. Our schools teach Franklin’s discovering Electricity in thunder storms. It’s only after reading the essay that I found the innumerable qualities and facets of his life. I came to know now that he was not only a scientist but a diplomat. You would see him in almost every walk of life. There is no surprise to find his name under every subject. Apart from Electricity I usually hear his name linked with American Revolution, his diplomacy in having a peace treaty with France. Now I can imagine how great a personality like him would be. His life spanned over eighty years ranging from a writer to a scientist and to a Legislative member. He was the founding father of the concept of Great American Dream. I’ve also found out from this essay about his works on Natural Philosophy. I’ve also learned about his role as an educationist and in promoting Women Education. Also I came to know about his friends among several religious groups and about his mutual interest in both deism and Unitarianism. He is famous for his wit and humor. There was a story that during Constitution Writing which Franklin resolved a hard stop by asking the Ministers in the Council to pray for a few minutes. Most of them didn’t agree and he resolved the issue without a prayer. America would remember Franklin as long as they remember Martin Luther King. Work Cites World Wide Web: 1) â€Å"Ben Franklin Scientist and Philanthropist†. http://www. nps. gov/archive/inde/Franklin_Court/Pages/franklinscientist. html 2) â€Å"Franklins Contributions to the American Revolution as a Diplomat in France†. http://www. ushistory. org/valleyforge/history/franklin. html 3) Lane, Neal. â€Å"Benjamin Franklin, Civic Scientist†. October 2003, page 41. http://www. physicstoday. org/vol-56/iss-10/p41. html 4) Rev. Clear, Bruce. THE RELIGION OF BENJAMIN FRANKLIN. Sunday. May 1. 2005. All Souls Unitarian Church. Indianapolis. http://allsoulsuuindy. org/ser20050501. htm.

Strategic Analysis and Strategy Formulation of Tesco

Strategic Analysis and Strategy Formulation of Tesco Jack Cohen founded Tesco in 1919 when he began to sell surplus groceries from a stall in the East End of London. His first days profit was  £1 and sales  £4. The Tesco brand (Tesco Tea) first appeared in 1924. The name comes from the initials of TE Stockwell, who was a partner in the firm of tea suppliers, and CO from Jacks surname. The first Tesco store was opened in 1929 in Burnt Oak in North London, and Tesco was floated on the London Stock Exchange in 1947 as Tesco Stores (Holdings) Limited. Nowadays its market capitalisation is about  £35 677 billions, which rank it at the 10th position. The first self-service store opened in St Albans in 1951 (still operational in 2009 as a Metro), and the first self-service supermarket in Maldon in 1956. Originally specialised in food and drink, it has gradually diversified into areas such as clothing, consumer electronics, financial services, telecoms, home, health and car insurance, dental plans, as well as retailing and renting DVDs, CDs, music downloads, Internet services and software. The principal activity of the Group is retailing and associated activities in the UK, the Republic of Ireland, Hungary, Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Turkey, Thailand, South Korea, Malaysia, Japan, China and the US. The Group also provides retail banking and insurance services through its subsidiary Tesco Personal Finance. Tescos net sales excluding VAT reached  £62.5 billion (US$95 billion) in the financial year to February 2010. Tescos revenues are considerably smaller than Wal-Marts, which reached US$405 billion for the financial year ending January 2010, up by 1% , but they are comparable to Carrefours, whose turnover reached EUR 85.9 billion in 2009 (US$114 billion), down by 1.2%. The Groups selection, training, development and promotion policies ensure equal opportunities for all employees regardless of factors such as gender, marital status, race, age, sexual preference and orientation, colour, creed, ethnic origin, religion or belief, or disability. All decisions are based on merit. Internal communications are designed to ensure that employees are well informed about the business of the Group. Employees are encouraged to become involved in the financial performance of the Group through a variety of schemes, principally the Tesco employee profit-sharing scheme (Shares in Success), the savings-related share option scheme (Save As You Earn) and the partnership share plan (Buy As You Earn). 2. Strategic analysis 4 pillars sustain Tescos strategic positioning in any region of the world SWOT Strengths Supermarkets/hypermarkets, steady growth Private label Established position gives buying power and economies of scale Weaknesses Customer service Relatively small overall market share (just over 3%) Opportunities Different store concepts Room to increase market share Growing demand for premium/imported/organic stuff Car insurance and other non-food products Online shopping Threats Competition intense Saturation: hypermarkets 5 forces: Industry rivalry Very strong Fragmented and competitive market (consumers have wide choice) International retailers and smaller local rivals Threat of substitutes Also supply products (mainly private label) at discount Online retail (new and underdeveloped opportunity) Threat of new entrants Low, saturated, relatively high barriers to entry If large retailers were to start buying up smaller domestic rivals it would be a threat They would be bigger more economies of scale Bargaining power of suppliers Low As the market becomes less fragmented, will get even lower Customers such as Tesco represent large % of their revenue, so Tesco can dictate to suppliers Margins and prices lower with increase in private labels The retail business is very competitive and Tesco is fighting against several different competitors around the world to remain as one of the biggest retailers. A ranking of the different competitors shows that Tesco arrived at the 3rd place, distanced by Carrefour and Wal-Mart, which is much bigger in comparison of all other opponents. We will cast a glance to four main competitors: Wal-Mart, Carrefour, Schwart Beteiligunfs and Seven and I holdings. Wal-Mart is a giant in comparison of other, and that retailing share are slowly improving, around 0,1%, except for Wal-Mart which has a 0,3% growth. Wal-Mart Stores Inc. Wal-Mart (New York Stock Exchange) is an American retailer founded in 1962 by Sam Walton. In less than two decades the company was the dominant player on the American market and is nowadays, seen as a titan among other retailers. Its world retailing share is impressive and rose from 3,5 to 3,9% between 2008 and 2009. They had a profit of more than $ 13,4 billion for the year 2009, it is an increase of 5% in a difficult financial context, far ahead of Carrefour and Tesco. Moreover they have a cash flow of more than $ 11 billion, and we can easily imagine that they will be able to easily continue their expansion abroad. They are the main player on the American market and have different size of store : Hypermarkets, supermarkets, discounters, variety stores, mass merchandisers, warehouse clubs, clothing and footwear specialist retailers, internet retailing. Sales are still improving in the US market, probably because of the always low prices policy. A basic SWOT analysis shows: Strengths: Sales and profit, rivals are dwarf in comparison Performance in Latin America: they implemented with success in Brazil and Mexico Weaknesses: Saturation of the large format in the USA. They built as many supercenter as possible, and now have to target a new kind of hypermarket. Dependence on home market: the USA still remains Wal-Marts core activities, and it is quasi impossible to increase significantly its market share in this country. Opportunities: New concept of small stores: until now Wal-Mart is known for its supercenter, which are closer from a warehouse than a supermarket. They tried to developed new types of store, smaller to attract more clients from cities. Existing presence and future in emerging market. Wal-Mart is targeting expansion in Russia, but has a strong presence in Mexico and Brazil. Threats: Corporate image: this is probably the major threat for Wal-Mart. Dozens of articles were published, several movies and books as well to highlight how employee are treated. The company has a very bad image, and an anti union policy. This policy explains the failure of Wal-Mart in Germany. Sources: www.euromonitor.com Carrefour S.A Carrefour (Euronext) is a strong number 2 in the retailing sector, and Tesco clairly explained that its main objective was to take its seat. Even if in comparison of Wal Mart, Carrefour remains a dwarf, it is still far ahead of Tesco. Its world retailing share is between 1,1% in 2008 and 1,2% in 2009, its total net sales reached $ 144 billion in 2008, and those of Tesco were of $ 99 billion. However, Tesco had greater profits, but only in 2009 and due to the fact that Carrefour is facing difficult issues in emerging markets. They recently acquire several competitors in emerging markets, and their integration takes time and is quite costly. But the company will soon see its profit increasing. A SWOT analysis highlights: Strengths: Brand awareness and large size group: the group is well known and has the advantage to be very diversified, they are present on every segment: from the small to giant retailer. International and multi format reach: Carrefour is present in more than 30 countries, among retailing firm it is the one with the strongest presence abroad. Weaknesses: Low margins: they faced price pressure from Tesco abroad and Leclerc in the home market (France). So they are force to reduce their margin. Reliance on Western Europe Market: the company is still using western markets as its main cash cow, the development abroad has been very costly and is still not very profitable. But it is mainly due to a transition period. Opportunities: Recent and future new market entries: recent entry in Russia and Bulgaria will increase profits. The group is also targeting India. Re branding to bring more synergies: until now a lot of shops still had their own names like Champion, Shopià ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ There is a new policy of rebranding all shops to gain in visibility. Threats: Challenges from the two largest discounters: Aldi and Schwartz are implementing Carrefours home market: France. There is a growing pressure on prices. Unfavourable economic conditions: even with a catch up of the world economy, some of Carrefour main markets like France, Italy or Spain are likely to have a weak economic growth which could have a negative impact on sales. Sources: www.euromonitor.com Seven I Holdings Co Seven I is the main retailer in Japan, far ahead in front of its main competitor AEON and a world retailing share of 0,7%. Profit for 2008 reached $892.3 million, down by 29% due to difficulties in the Japanese economy. SWOT analysis: Strengths: Brand awareness and efficiency: they are very present in Japan. Global presence, especially in Asia: this company is operating in 17 countries, with special focus on Asian market like South Korea, Malaysia, Thailand and Japan. Weaknesses: Under performance in non grocery retailing: in its store non grocery items represent 32% of sales, and this kind of product make the group more vulnerable. Heavy reliance on Japan: the group is in a tight corner, Japan remains its main cash cow and they need to diversify their funding sources. Opportunities: Growth opportunities in emerging market: the presence in China might be increased if they receive an authorization for franchising. They also have expansion plans in Thailand, but nowadays it might be risky due to political trouble. More synergy and economies of scale : among all its subsidiaries they can still improve economies of scale between brands and internet retailing. Threats: Price battle: there is an intensive price battle in Japan. AEON and Wal Mart developed aggressive pricing strategies, and forced Seven to reduce its margin. Japan might face demographic and economic difficulties. There is an ageing population and it could turn as a threat for this retail firm. Sources: www.euromonitor.com Schwarz Beteiligungs Gmbh Schwartz is a German firm mainly active in the hypermarket and discounter business. It is mainly known for its discount branch Lidl. It ranked 8th among global retailer, with a constant world retailing share of 0,6%, but it is the first discounter. Its main competitor is Aldi, ranked at 10th place. It is a family group and has a secret policy, so they do not release publicly the profit results, but the group cash flow reached $ 1,7 billion for 2008. SWOT analysis: Strengths: Group ownership and store concept: the group remains the propriety of one family, so they are well protected from takeover threats and shareholder pressure which could affect a long term strategy. Broad presence in Easter Europe: there is an important presence of the company in eastern Europe with two different brands, far ahead from its competitor Aldi, but still far behind other important competitors like Tesco or Carrefour. Weaknesses: International development confined in Europe: the group is present in Europe, but has no presence in any emerging market like BRICS. Bad corporate image: accused of spying its employee in Germany in 2008. Opportunities: New store formats and internet retailing: the group can develop new format in Europe which are saturated market. Extend presence in Easter Europe: expansion in Poland, Romania, and Bulgaria could generate important profits increase. Threats: Price wars: most of the discounters are engaged in a price wars to gain more and more customers, it could be a important threat because they are force to reduce their margin. Intensive competition among discounters. Sources: www.euromonitor.com Tesco is present in numerous different markets. We couldnt present all of them. So we choose the most strategic for the company in term of sales and profit, and we also add China and the USA because they are two giants market. We didnt show Tescos market share in Japan, because its present is not very important, the company is not in the top twenty retailers, the market is strongly dominated by Seven and AEON. A rapid overview of the table shows that Tesco expansion abroad is very successful. Indeed, in most of the case Tesco is number one in term of market share (Hungary, Czech Republic, Thailand), or number three (Poland and South Korea). Furthermore, in its home market Tesco is an unquestionable leader with more than 13,4% of market share. Abroad Tesco met its goal; the abroad expansion was always leaded by the motto abroad expansion is only justified to become number one, and in several markets like Czech Republic and Hungary, Tesco beneficiated of the first mover advantage. Tesco is definitely the most influent retailing firm in CEE countries, even if in Poland retailers like Biedronka or Carrefour are serious competitors. In comparison, results in China and in the USA might be seen as counter performance, but we have to adopt a relativist posture. China is a very competitive market, the market leader is GOME Electrical Appliances Holding Ltd, and has only 0,9% of market share. The first European firm is Auchan China, ranked at the 4th place and with 0,8% of market share. All competitors are in a tight corner, and no one can dominate the market. In the United State, Wal Mart dominates the market, and all others are dwarf in comparison. Becoming the market leader in the USA is an unrealistic goal. 3. Strategy formulation Tesco has a well-established and consistent strategy for growth, which has allowed them to strengthen their core UK business and drive expansion into new markets. The rationale for the strategy is to broaden the scope of the business to enable it to deliver strong, sustainable long-term growth by following the customer into large expanding markets at home such as financial services, non-food and telecoms and new markets abroad, initially in Central Europe and Asia, and more recently in the United States. The strategy to diversify the business was laid down in 1997 and has been the foundation of Tescos success in recent years. The objectives of the strategy are: To be a successful international retailer To grow the core UK business To be as strong in non-food as in food To develop retailing services such as Tesco Personal Finance, Telecoms and tesco.com To put community at the heart Their long term strategy is pictured in this Steering Wheel scheme: Source: Tesco Annual Report 09 Tesco is implemented in 14 countries, employing 470,000 people and has 4  331 stores worldwide. Source: Tesco Annual Report 09 First, in order to increase sales, Tesco needs to sell more products to existing customers in existing stores. In order to do so, the company has divided its offer into two main streams: products and services. Food and non-food products (fuel, closing, household, health beauty and entertainment goods) are leveraged by private labels programs. Customer segmentation was enhanced by the introduction in 1995 of the companys loyalty card, Tesco Clubcard, which provides benefits and discount to the firms regular customers. In addition, it provides a solid database on the customers needs and profiles. This substantial database is currently used to target identified customers segments by launching private labels which are sub-brands. Tescos Corporate Strategy can be summarized with this statement: Tesco has pulled off a trick that as no any other retailer. That is to appeal to all segments of the market. Tescos Private labels targeting identified segments: Source: Tesco: A case of retailing excellence-Coriolis Research On the other hand, services were expanded into four kinds: Tesco Financial Services named Tesco Bank which is 50/50 joint venture with Royal Band of Scotland. Products on offer include credit cards, loans, mortgages, savings accounts and several types of insurance, including car, home, life and travel; Travel Services: Focused on low-cost packages and travel deals. Joint-venture with Travelcare (UKs largest independent travel agency); iVillage.com: Shopping and information website for women in the UK. Tesco initially acquired a 50% stake and later 100%. It expanded the brand into magazines and books. Tesco Telecom: Home telephone and Internet services offering lower prices than British Telecom. Moreover, they launched a 50/50 Joint Venture with O2 to provide mobile phones services. A similar service has since been launched in Ireland and Slovakia. However, Tesco has not purchased or built a telecoms network, but instead has pursued a strategy of pairing its marketing strength with the expertise of existing telecoms operators. Second, Tesco developed new store formats to capture more customers. It was designed in order to suit varied shopping patterns of their customers. Its store portfolio was splitted into four different store formats: Express: Tesco Express stores are neighbourhood convenience shops, stocking mainly food with an emphasis on higher-margin products (due to small store size, and the necessity to maximise revenue per square foot) alongside everyday essentials. They are found in busy city centre districts, small shopping precincts in residential areas, small towns and on petrol station forecourts. Metro: High street store/shops in large city centre shopping areas aimed at workers, shoppers and local residents. Tesco Metro stores are sized between Tesco superstores and Tesco Express stores. The first Tesco Metro was opened in Covent Garden, London in 1992. Superstore stores offer a full range and many non-food products. These are standard large supermarkets, stocking groceries and a much smaller range of non-food goods than Extra stores. Extra hypermarkets are very large stores offering the maximum food and non-food range situated mainly out-of-town. Their number of these is now being increased by about 20 a year. Newer Tesco Extra stores are usually on two floors, with the ground floor for mainly food and the first floor for clothing, electronics and entertainment. Older stores have all sales on one floor and a cafe on a large upper balcony. In addition, Tesco became the world leader in e-grocery. Tesco has operated on the internet since 1994 and was the first retailer in the world to offer a robust home shopping service in 1996. Tesco.com was formally launched in 2000. It also has online operations in the Republic of Ireland and South Korea. Grocery sales are available within delivery range of selected stores, goods being hand-picked within each store. Third, Tesco expanded on global level. By the mid-90s Tesco realized that the UK retail market was saturated and the growth opportunities would be few. This necessity to expand its business, which was financed with its UKs operations profits, has to be leveraged by 5 prerequisites framing the market. It has to be a large market meaning that it must add significant scale to existing U.K business; The market has to be growing in order to participate in strong organic growth; Retail market has to be underdeveloped which means that there would be an underdeveloped competition and a large availability of premium location store; Opportunities for mass merchandise have to be high in order to use hypermarkets as the vehicle for growth, and thus skip the supermarket phase; Tesco seeks a direct market-leading position usually associated with higher returns. By the mid 90s, Tesco realized that the UK market is saturated and it would offer few opportunities for growth. To continue its success in the retail business, the company recognized the necessity to expand its retail business in the international markets. First, it has targeted the developing markets in Asia and Central-Eastern Europe. Then it decided to enter some developed market such as Japan in 2003 and the United States in 2007. After selling its operations in 1986, Tesco re-entered the Irish market in 1997 after the purchase of Power Supermarkets Ltd. Now it operates from 101 stores. They offer a home delivery shopping service as well as petrol, mobile telephone, personal finance, flower delivery service and a weight-loss programme. Also available is Tescos loyalty programme, the Clubcard. Tesco is now the grocery market leader in the Republic of Ireland. Tesco Ireland also claims to be the largest purchaser of Irish food with an estimated à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬1.5 billion annually. Tesco opened its first store in the Czech Republic in 1996 and now has over 84 stores, with further planned. Tesco opened its first stores in the Czech Republic by buying Kmarts operations for  £79 millions and converting them into Tesco stores. The retail sector in Czech Republic was highly fragmented which attracted Tesco to implement in this country (50 retailers covering about 20% of the total market). Tesco is also keen to expand non-food items and has already opened petrol stations and offers personal finance services in the Czech Republic. In 1995 Tesco launched in Hungary its first operation abroad, after purchasing US Kmarts operations. It also opened its first hypermarket in Hungary in the same year. Tesco operates through 101 stores in Hungary with further openings planned. Tesco offers its value, standard, healthy living and finest range in its stores. Tesco Hungary also offers a clothing line and personal finance services. Tesco entered the Polish market also in 1995. It currently operates from 334 stores. Tesco Poland offers the value, healthy living and own branded line of products as well as regional produce, petrol, personal finance services and on-line photo processing. In 1996 Tesco expanded in Slovakia. Now days there are 48 stores. They plan to introduce Tesco Express like local stores. Tesco Slovakia has recently put great emphasis on organic products. However, Tesco Slovakia caused controversy amongst the Slovak government when it was found to have come foul of food safety laws in 2006. In the year 2010 were in Tesco Extra in Bratislava opened the first self-service cash flow, which is also the first of its kind in Central Europe. Tesco entered Turkey in November 2003 by acquiring 5 hypermarkets of Kipa. Tesco remains focused on building infrastructure in Turkey to complete its expansion plans and has already introduced the Tesco Express format. There are plans to increase the rate of expansion as basic infrastructure is built. Lets just remind that Tesco has a small outlet in Calais, France since 1992. It is selling wine, beer and spirits in a single store of 1  400 m ². In 1999 Tesco bought 51% stake in the supermarket retailer Homeplus, which is a part of Samsung, to enter South Korea. The company had focused its location around Seouls developed region in order to become the countrys leading food retailer. Currently Tesco holds 94,6% of the shares in the venture. It operates hypermarkets as well as a home delivery shopping service. It is the second largest retailer in South Korea, just behind Shinsegae Group. On 14 May 2008, Tesco agreed to purchase 36 hypermarkets with a combination of food and non-food products from E-Land for $1.9  billion ( £976  million) in its biggest single acquisition, making Tesco the second largest in the country. The majority of the E-Land stores formerly belonged to French retailer Carrefour before 2006 and most of the stores will be converted to Tesco Homeplus outlets. Tescos South Korean discount store chain, Home Plus, currently has 66 outlets. Tesco entered China in 2004 by acquiring 50% ownership of Hymall, a Taiwan based hypermarket operator. In December 2006 it raised its stake to 90% in a  £180  million deal. Most of Tesco Chinas stores are based around Shanghai. However, Tesco plans to equip the business to expand more quickly and in different areas and take advantage of one of the largest market in the world. Tesco has been increasing its own brand products into the Chinese market as well as introducing the Tesco Express format. Tesco entered Japan in 2003, even though it is the second biggest food market after the US. In fact, the company considered that Japanese market has a strong potential, as it consisted of large number of consumers with high disposable income. Thus, they bought 78 stores of C Two stores for  £139  million in July 2003 by a buy-out. Later on April 2004 they bought stores from Frec. Tesco has adopted an approach which focuses on small corner shops operating similarly to its Express format rather than opening hypermarkets. It has also launched its range of software in Japan. Tesco opened its first store in Malaysia in May 2002 with the opening of its first hypermarket in Puchong, Selangor. It bought a 70% stake of Sime Darby, Malaysias oldest industrial group, to form Tesco Stores. Tesco Malaysia currently operates 32 Tesco and Tesco Extra stores. One third of total shops are in Selanagor with 11 stores. Tesco also acquired Makro, a local wholesaler which was rebranded Tesco Extra and provides products for local retailers. Tesco Malaysia offers a value range; own branded range, electronic goods, the loyalty clubcard and clothing. Tesco Malaysias clubcard introduced Green ClubCard Points in 2007 making Tesco Malaysia to be the first Tesco international business to introduce the scheme. Tesco entered Thailand in 1998 and operates through 380 stores as part of a joint venture with Charoen Pokphand and named the operation Tesco Lotus. This partnership was dissolved in 2003 when Charoen Pokphand sold its shares to Tesco. Tesco Lotus sells a diverse range of products from value food products to electronics to personal finance services. The company is keen to promote its green values and has partnered with the UNEP. Tesco Lotus claims to serve 20 million customers every month and that 97% of its goods are sourced from Thailand in order to fit local needs. In December 2000, Tesco acquired shops of Mackro Asia and entered Taiwan market. It offered special value lines targeting specific customer segments. However, in September 2005 Tesco announced that it was selling its operations to Carrefour and purchasing Carrefours stores in the Czech Republic and Slovakia. Both companies stated that they were concentrating their efforts in countries where they had strong market positions. In February 2006, Tesco announced its intention to move into the United States market, opening a chain of grocery convenience stores on the West Coast (Arizona, California and Nevada) in 2007 named Fresh Easy. Tesco purchased a 130,000  square metres (1,400,000  sq  ft) distribution centre in Riverside Country. The company established its U.S. headquarters in El Segundo, California. The first store opened in November 2007 with 100 more expected in the first year. They plan to open a new one every two-and-a-half days in the United States, to mimic the successful expansion of pharmacy chains such as Walgreens in the U.S. Currently Fresh Easy operates 135 stores in the United States. The company announced plans to open stores in wealthy suburbs of the Pakistans capital cities, Islamabad and Karachi. These new stores will be wholesale cash-and-carry businesses. They will compete with Makro and Carrefour who already operate in Pakistan and have done so for many years. Tesco have not yet ruled out plans to open stores in an Express format, though this format would cater more towards the countrys growing middle class. In addition, the project of implementing in Croatia is under construction. In 2009, Tescos International business delivered a very strong performance, helped in part by favourable exchange rate movements during the year, and excluding the United States contributed 51% of the growth in Group sales and 45% of the growth in Group trading profit. Total International sales grew strongly by 30.6% at actual exchange rates to  £17.9bn ( £13.7bn in 2008) and by 13.6% at constant exchange rates. Sales growth slowed in Europe during the second half, which reflected deteriorating economic conditions in a number of markets. In contrast, sales growth in Asia accelerated, driven by the acquisition of the 36 Homever stores in South Korea at the start of the second half. Finally, we can notice in this Group Sales/Space by Region chart that Tesco keep UKs market as their core business Source: Tesco Annual Report 09 4. Recommendations for long term strategic positioning for Tesco in Poland Be as strong in non-food as in food Develop retailing services such as Tesco Personal Finance, Telecoms and tesco.com Develop online shopping Improve customer service Acquire domestic small chain from traditional trade to reach consumers in small towns Open more Tesco Express in the cities for people looking for proximity Open delicatessen like stores Open small inside restaurants in the supermarkets

Thematic Comparison of Lovelace’s To Lucasta and Donne’s Song Essay

Thematic Comparison of Lovelace’s To Lucasta and Donne’s Song  Ã‚   Modern perceptions of love as expressed in literature-- with gender equality and the abandonment of expected role-playing-- did not arbitrarily become pervasive, but are the product of centuries of incremental progression. The seventeenth century in particular provided a foundation for this progression, as poets for the very first time began to question the dictated structure and male domination of the Elizabethan era. Two poems of the seventeenth century, the cavalier "To Lucasta on Going to the Wars" by Richard Lovelace and the metaphysical "Song" by John Donne, each focusing on the pain inflicted by different aspects of love, employ tactics emblematic of the century’s poetry to demonstrate love’s puzzling nature. Both ostensible attempts to comfort their audiences by universalizing and morally justifying love’s baneful realities, they eventually fail and leave their audiences with only exacerbated pain. "To Lucasta," Lovelace’s attempt to justify his de parture from his lover Lucasta for the British Civil War by subjugating his sensual love to honor, fails in its illogical and contradictory nature, and acknowledges the ability of love’s endurance to victimize man, while "Song," by trying to alleviate the pain of fleeting love, only underscores love’s inevitable elusiveness. Lovelace, one of the preeminent cavalier poets of the seventeenth century, attempts to use his particular situation with his lover Lucasta as well as an appeal to honor and patriotism to justify to all soldiers the departure of their lovers, but the poem’s inconsistencies obviate success. Throughout the poem, Lovelace’s mind, understanding the need to go to battle, remains at war with hi... ...love for his precious Lucasta, however, inconsistencies and wavering pervade his writing, and reveal his involuntary mockery of soldierly values and his unbreakable bond to Lucasta. As he must venture into battle, he becomes a victim of love’s enduring impregnability. Donne, in his "Song" attempts at first to comfort all men who have encountered the difficulties of romantic relations. With his strong, dominating voice, however, he obliterates the prospects of enduring love. Much the opposite of Lovelace, Donne delineates himself as a victim of love’s elusiveness. What the two poems have in common is their discomforting effect on their audiences resulting from their eventual resignation to their respective perceived realities. For Lovelace, this reality is a future of battle and a separation from all that matters; for Donne, it is a life void of enduring love.

Utility of Service :: essays research papers

Utility of Service Property and casualty insurance, more specifically auto insurance, is an intangible product and is a service purchased by consumers that they hope they never have to use. This is contrary to most any other good or service. You would not buy a car to never use or go to a doctor and pay for treatment you do not expect to receive. The consumer pays for a promise that they hope to never collect on. As a result the service is viewed rather negatively by the pubic and becomes an item that must be purchased out of fear of loss and by order of state statutes. Consumers have several needs that drive the purchase of auto insurance policies. The first requirements being state statutes that mandate certain coverage before registering and tagging a vehicle, maintaining a valid drivers license, and satisfying the demands of financing companies for purchased automobiles. The second reason for obtaining auto insurance policies is to protect the current assets and potential future earnings from loss. These loses may occur from damage resulting from acts of nature, collisions or from liability claims award to injured third parties. The purchase of insurance protects the consumer from financial losses up to the limits of the policy. This provides peace of mind for the consumer and for financing companies by ensuring that monies are available to cover losses so the life and economic status of the purchaser is not impacted. Comparative or Substitute services Insurance is insurance. There is not a substitute unless that is a well-padded bank account. Realistically that is not even a substitute as losing $100,000 of an individuals hard earned dollars to one claim is far more impactive than that same person having paid premiums of $1000 per year for ten years before making that claim. The insurance company would then pay on that person’s behalf, therefore resulting in an overall outlay of $10,000 from the consumer that is far more palatable by any account. Price Elasticity The insurance industry is generally price elastic in the state of Florida. This is due to the regulations requiring drivers to carry at least two types of coverage. This requirement changes to three forms if the driver is involved in an accident causing injury to another party. The price may change for the product due to the individuals driving or claims history or the rating structure from company to company.

Problem Solving Essay -- essays research papers

Problem Solving   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There are many different strategies that good problem solvers use to solve a problem. Before using a strategy, you must remember a few things. First, take your time. Few good problem solvers solve problems fast. Second, don't give up. You will never solve a problem if you don't try. Last, be flexible. If a first you don't succeed, try another way. And if the second way doesn't work, try a third way.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There are a few steps to solving a problem that you should follow. First, read the problem very carefully. Try to understand every word and make sure you know what the problem is asking. If you don't know the meaning of a word, look it up in a dictionary. Second, sort out information that is not needed. Third, devise a plan. Even guesses have to be planned out. Arrange information in tables, draw pictures, and compare the information to another problem you know of. Fourth, carry out the plan. Attempt to solve it and work with care. If the attempt doesn't work then go back and read the problem again. Last, check your work carefully. Don't check by repeating the problem, estimate or find another way to try and to solve the problem.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  You can understand what the problem means yet still not be able to solve it immediately. One good way to help you solve the problem is to draw a picture. One example of this strategy is suppose you received a problem asking you how many diagonals a...

The term ‘butcher of the Somme’ in the context of the Battle of the Somme

The term ‘butcher of the Somme' in the context of the Battle of the Somme, a significant battle means that Haig was responsible for, almost casually, sending thousands of British troops to their deaths, at the hands of the Germans, for no reason at all. The battle was meant to make the war mobile again, but it led to a longer stalemate. Douglas Haig (1861-1928) was the British commander on the western front during World War I. He was later promoted to full general. With him in charge the casualties were British and Imperial casualties between July 1 and November 19, 1916 totalled approximately 420,000. On July 1st. (British + Canadian) 08:30-09:30= 30,000 casualties, 12:00= 50,000, end of day= 67,000. There are many arguments for and against for the title given to Haig. There were many arguments for the title given to Haig. Many people, not historians say that he really did deserve it, mainly because there was no-one to blame except him for their ancestors' deaths. There were many reasons. For example Haig was stubborn in the sense that he kept using the same failing tactic until November. He had hardly any faith in his troops as he never used the Creeping Barrage with them as he predicted that he would kill his own men in it. Also his usage of favouritism led to the many unnecessary deaths as he used the inferior method of cavalry, which led to the deaths of troops and resources for transport. In conclusion there were a lot of arguments in favour of the title. The fact that Haig wasted lives of men in such a way agrees with the fact of him being the ‘butcher of the Somme' However, there are many arguments against that the title should be given to Haig. Some historians have found that many of his actions were caused due to poor communications and false reports, these led to his death-causing actions. For example, his ‘messengers' told him that the bombardment was going well and the barbed wire had been ‘ well cut', this was not true, due to this, Haig launched an infantry attack thinking that most Germans were dead and the wire had been destroyed, this led to the 30,000 casualties within the first hour. Also, he did make it clear that there would be a large no. of casualties and deaths so one cannot really blame him. Moreover, the manufacturers of the guns and artillery were mostly duds so it is their fault. Furthermore, many of the army were inexperienced. Additionally and most importantly, he got hardly any help from the French, it was meant to be a Franco-British attack, and he was under a lot of pressure from t he two governments. In conclusion, many of his moves were caused from poor and false communications as well as pressure from the governments. He also had to make do with inferior weapons. To sum up, on one hand, Haig didn't deserve the title as most of his actions were caused by false reports and low-grade weapons. On the other hand, even though he didn't know about the non-success, he did later on and he still kept using the same failed tactics, overall, I think he did deserve it, the continuous usage of failing attacks and therefore causing more deaths for no reason is inexcusable, he did deserve it. Did Haig really deserve the title ‘butcher of the Somme' or has history judged him wrong

Research of Bottled Water Essay

1.0 interpolation pee is whizz of the heap basic needfully. in all mickle need piss to survive and no unitary dope live without it. So, they ar leaveing to repair the bullion to get wet. From the secondary selective information commercialize look for, intimately of the Ameri base consumers deglutition bottlefuld body of piddle much than ten-strike piss be pee-pee they feel that woo body of pee not safe. Many companies be reputation nurse get acrossed piddle until pure. So, the bottled piddle system forget bring safe and bewitching package that make very volume when drink nearthing that is healthy for their body (De fall inment of Health, 2006).Besides, in revise to let consumer to a greater extent thingmabob, much than than or less of the teleph adeptr forget provide bottled weewee in everywhere. Hence, solely consumers pull up stakes patch up the attention closely the bottled pee supply supply. This report is to check over attitu des towards cardinal leash firebrands in a bottled pissing system intersection point. This is be get under mavins skin the nigh key attri neverthelesses in the bottled peeing return category, their relative entice on consumer finis do and consumer wisdom of the confidential discipline brands.According Ajzen (1988) and Werner (2004), theory of reasoned fulfill (TRA) is an attempt to provide dead body in studies of the relationship between behavior, beliefs, determinations and attitudes (Ajzen 1988 Fishbein & Ajzen, 1975 Werner 2004). In TRA, there atomic number 18 2 of import concepts which be principles of compatibility and deportmental architectural seeing (Ajzen 1988 Fishbein&Ajzen, 1975). The principles of compatibility forget require that in secern to foretaste a circumstantial doings direct to a specific object glass in a given stage setting and period, specific attitudes that identify to the specific target, conviction and circumstance shou ld be assessed.For the concept of behavior intention states that a item-by-itemiseds motive to engage in demeanour is de rig by the attitudes that set the behaviour. Behaviour intention indicates how much achievement an individual(a) would same to commit to complete such behaviour. higher(prenominal) commitment which cockeyeds that behaviour performs leave more standardizedly. Behaviour intention is persistent by attitudes and subjective norms (Ajzen1988 Fishbein & Ajzen, 1975). An attitude refers to an individuals perception toward specific behaviour (Werner, 2004). Subjective norm refers to the individuals subjective judgment regarding splits preference and incarnate for a behaviour (Werner, 2004).2.1 interrogation ObjectivesThe accusative of this research is to investigate attitudes towards trio in the lead brands in a bottled piss point of intersection category. Besides this research too work which of the brands in a bottled water reaping category th at just virtually of the consumers interested because assorted brands provide bottled water depart stir the choices of consumers.2.2 question QuestionsDuring this research, there ar dress out the meanss that incite choosing the bottled water. Besides, this research besides can find out how to promoting the brands of bottled water to consumers. Furthermore, this research finds out the effective repre directation to success the brands provide bottled water.2.3 Significance of the ResearchThe major significance of the study regarding the Attitudes towards three leading brands in a bottled water growth category is hope through with(predicate) the research to identify the more or less grievous attributes in the particular category, their relative knead on consumers decisiveness make and consumers perception of the three leading brands performance in term of those attributes.Attributes in the bottled water category is an important that can contact on consumers get dec isiveness making. This is because the between brands price of bottled water is wholly if a bit assorted, so nearly of the consumers leave alone get the best musical note brand. Besides, the research impart examined the three leading brands smart set able to improve their performance in evidence to overstretch more pot to deprave their product.2.0 Review of Literature3.4 Issues of development bottled waterThe principal(prenominal) issues of using bottled water is because stratagem. When the consumer driving in the car or hiking in the mountain, bottled water is very well-fixed to supply drinking of water for them. The coat of bottled water allow for make it well-situated to suitable let consumer carry to everywhere. Furthermore, bottled water can be procure at anywhere. The consumer can buy the bottled water at convenience stash away, supermarket, hypermarket and grocery store. In or so countries, the tap water is unsafe to drink due to water pollution and conta minants.Therefore, the sustenance and Drug Administration (FDA) controls the production of bottled water in order to let all masses can be reliable the water in the bottle is safety, spic and warrant of contaminants. In addition, the taste of bottled water is better than tap water because bottled water does not nourish chlorine (Melanie, N.D). When the inborn disasters, it may be cause water pollution, which mean that the water supply into mountain home leave alone pollute or completely non-existent. So, in these cases, bottled water pass on be drive a life preserver for those flock. As the secondary information market researcher, the endeavor in bottled water consumption in the global keep sum up approximately ten successive age straight off (Rodwan, 2009).Furthermore, the price of bottled water is very cheap. close of the consumers excessively can afford it. For typeface like the 500ml size of bottled water is close to RM1.00 and 1.5 litre size of bottled wate r is approximately RM2.00. Comp ar with soft drink, there are more expensive than bottled water and icteric for consumer body. Therefore, this is a reason why most of the consumer give obtain bottled water.Lastly, the bottled water can be bowdlerise, reuse and recycle (3R). Therefore, the bottled water can observe the environment and clean. near of the shopping centres, they testament put a recycle bin in order to let consumer convenience to drop their bottled water when they are arouse their water. Besides, most of the consumers provide secure bottled water and re train it from the tap water in order to save constitute and the environment.3.5 Consumer get behaviourThe consumer get decision is very important. Under fundamenting the consumer grease ones palms behaviour is not very easy. Consumer purchasing behaviour is referring the people make the decision acquire plow of the end consumers like personal and household who buy goods and run for own consumption (Kotler, Armstrong, Wong & Saunders, 2008). According to marketing guru Philip Kolter (2008), consumer will pass through several stages in advance buy the goods and services. both(prenominal) consumers will motley their decision making is because in age, fosterage train, tastes, income, and other factors. roughly consumers will depart their decision making is because the brand name, step, reputation, and price.Consumer behaviour will cause the consumer characteristics and the consumer buy decision mold. There are 4 chief(prenominal) factors in consumer characteristics such as cultural, social, personal and psychological. The finish is the most basic cause the consumer wants and behaviour. Every collection or social club excessively master(prenominal)tain a civilisation and cultural to cause on buying behaviour decision may castrate greatly from country to country. Furthermore, each culture has contains subculture such as racial group, holiness, nationalities and geographic region. virtually of the subculture will emphasize the market segments. Therefore, the trafficker essential often to design product in order to finish their unavoidably.Moreover, social coterie is also one of the factors to wreak consumer buying behaviour. For the social class, there are contain high class, spiritualist class and lower class. The vendor essentialiness to understand which social class is their target market. This is because when the product is high price, lower class people wont leverage it. For the social factors, there are embroil fine groups, family and social roles and status. The social factors are one of the factors to cultivate consumer behaviour. Most of the small groups influence consumer behaviour.The vender should identify the group of their target market. Furthermore, family is strongly imprinting consumer behaviour. The trafficker mustiness to make husband, wife, and children interested on the product in order to growth rat e of success. Besides, the position of person in each group can be defined to roles and status. The personal factors also are one of the factors to influence consumer behaviour. The personal characteristics like age, modus vivendi and duty. The buyer age will related with tastes in food, cloth and recreation. The vender must to develop marketing plan for them. Moreover, the lifestyle will vary is because the age. some(prenominal) consumer will like to eat McDonald, but changes a farsighted with age, the consumer will change their lifestyle and dislike to eat McDonald. Besides, the vender must to focus on oc shapeation factor. This is because a buyer occupation will influence the goods and services leverage. The marketer must to subsist which occupation will more obtain which product. Furthermore, psychological factors also can influence consumer buying decision which is motivation, perception, learning and beliefs and attitudes. For the consumer perception, they are obtained i nformation through their 5 senses such as touch, sight, smell, taste and hearing. Therefore, they will hail their perception do a concluding decision.Besides, rough of the consumer will do a decision making through learning. For exercise once the consumer has tried Starbucks coffee, they will convey their next leverage based on the first experience. The consumer buying decision dish out crap 5 stages which is need recognition, information search, evaluation of alternatives, barter for decision and lieu purchase behaviour. For example like the people recognition want to buy any(prenominal)thing. consequently the people will do information search.They will obtain information from other people such as family, jock and neighbours. Besides, they also will obtain information from commercial sources like advert, gross revenueperson and websites. All of information will be apply to evaluate of alternative which brand should to choose. afterward evaluation, the people already hire purchase decision. After purchase the product, the people will be satisfaction or dissatisfaction stock purchase behaviour of the marketer. If the marketer take a leak given the people after sales services, the people will satisfaction when purchase that product.3.0 orderology4.6 Problem StatementIn this research, the marketers should identify the factor influence choosing the shampoo. Furthermore, the marketers also should identify the consumer buying behaviour process when buying shampoo. Lastly, the marketers should identify the effective modality to improve property of shampoo.4.7 Sampling proficiencyAdopt a good model distribution technique, it is one of the important cannot be overemphasized. The non-probability ingest technique is used when the individual members of the existence do not take over an mate likelihood of being selected to be a member of the sampling. Normally, this technique is used is because it tends to be less expensive, fast, easier and the respondents were readily available (Castillo, 2009). Furthermore, the convenience sampling involves getting participants wheresoever the individual can find them and typically wherever is convenient (Sherri, 2008). This research wants a sample of cl respondents, so the individual should stand at outside of the shopping centres and asks people who pass by to participate.4.8 QuestionnaireQuestionnaire on cecal appendage 1 were used in this research to collect data from respondents. This research was change integrity into four sections at where Section 1 is respondents detail, Section 2 is brands, Section 3 is buying behaviour and Section 4 is tone of voice improves. In Section 1, respondents will required to fill in their personal demographics which is gender, age, subspecies, religion, academic qualification, occupation and income level.In Section 2, the research examined the attitudes towards three leading brands in bottled water, what are the factors that affect choosing the bo ttled water. In Section 3, the research will examined the consumer buying behaviour when choose the brands of bottled water, how to promoting the brands of bottled water to consumers. In Section 4, the research will examined the consumer do whatsoever quality improves, what the effective way to success the brands provide bottled water.4.9 Method of data collectionThe method of data collection is used by subject based survey and face-to-face questionnaire. For the musical composition based survey, it will be sent to a large number of people in order to save time and woo. Most of the people are more truthful when responding to the questionnaires about controversial issues in particular due to the fact that their responses are anonymous. 4.10 Limitation of the researchAs the research, it is condition to the Malaysian consumer who between the age of 18 to 58 stratums old, because different part of world may be know different cultural factors. Besides, this research that present all the data information and burden are only available in Malaysia. Furthermore, this research is only identifying the consumer buying behaviour of bottled water, because different product may different consumption pattern. Lastly, this research only selects some demographic and psychological factors. Even other types of factors also will influence consumer buying behaviour, but this research only limit two type to be investigation.4.0 findingTable 4.1 Demographic Factors of 150 respondentsIn this research, the 150 respondents read 21% effeminate and 79% male. Besides, the age between 18-28 classs old excite 57%, 29-39 class old make believe 23%, 40-50 year old have 18% and 51-58 year old have 2%. So, from this data information can know more teenagers are like do survey. For race of respondents, Chinese respondents have active about half of lot, Malay respondents have 33%, and Indian respondents have 17%.The religion of Buddha has 43%, Islam has 33%, Hindu have 17% and Chr istian have 7%. For academic qualification, SPM respondents have 30%, security measures respondents have 5%, diploma respondents have 29%, degree respondents have 25%, postgraduate have 8%, and others have 3%.About occupation of respondents, student occupied 63%, non- administrator have 16%, executive have 11% and professional have 10%. Most of the respondents are student. Therefore, the income level less than RM1500 respondents have 63%, RM1501-RM2500 respondents have 29%, RM2501-3500 respondents have 6%, and supra RM3500 have 4%. reckon 4.2 percentage snitchs feeding bottled urine choose by 150 respondents physique 4.3 What type of Bottled Water usually purchased by respondents? In this research, there are 3 brands bottled water to investigate which are Sea get the best, Dasani and Spritzer. In turn 4.2, the most respondents to purchase brand is Sea Master which is 55%. The Dasani brand is 24% and Spritzer is only 21%. Besides, from the cast 4.3 record most of the respon dents will purchase mineral water more than drinking water. This is because they turn over mineral water is nature water and more healthy for their body. witness 4.4 Factors boost respondents purchase Bottled Water The suppose 4.4 show which factor will affect respondents to purchase bottled water. Bottle design have 36% is the main factor to influence respondents to purchase bottled water. Brand reputation has 21%, bottle quality has 14%, brand name has 13%, taste has 11%, and price have 5%. Therefore, the bottle design will influence consumer buying behaviour. The marketer must understand the bottle design to attract their target market in order to increment sales. date 4.5 Where respondents purchase bottled water?The visualize 4.5 shows where the respondent will buy bottled water. Place is the one of the factors to influence consumer buying decision. In order to become no-hit marketer, the marketer must put their product at the right place and at the right time. From the fig ure 4.5, the convenience store which is 44% is most popular to purchase bottled water. The grocery store has 22%, hypermarkets have 19% and supermarkets have 15%. Therefore, convenience will affect consumer buying behaviour.Figure 4.6 Which factors will cause respondents switch cost? The figure 4.6 shows the factors affect respondents switch cost. From the figure 4.4, bottle design will affect consumer buying behaviour. Hence, bottle design also will affect respondents to switch cost. Besides, some respondents will choose bottle quality. This is because some respondents will reuse their bottle when finish water. Therefore, the marketer must understand consumer needs and wants in order to prevent customer to switching to competitor product.Figure 4.7 What respondents expect from Bottled Water?The figure 4.7 shows what are the respondents expected. Most of the respondents will purchase bottled water is because healthy. This is because most of the respondents will caution their body health. Besides, some respondents will like do sport, so they need some energy come from bottled water.Figure 4.8 Pay bare(a) for increase quality of Bottled WaterFigure 4.9 outgrowth consumption for timber of PackagingThe figure 4.8 shows how many respondents will take for pay extra to increase quality of bottled water. 74% of respondents will agree to pay extra to increase quality. This is because the respondents will care about their health. In addition, the respondents will think money important than healthy. On the other hand, some respondents will increase consumption because the quality of bottled water. The figure 4.9 shows how many respondents will increase consumption because the quality of bottled water. The result show only 25% will choose yes. 75% respondents choose no is because quality of bottled water is only can reuse. Therefore, it doesnt increase consumption is because the quality of bottled water.Figure 4.10 Re-use and Recycle Bottled WaterThe figure 4.10 sho ws the percentage of respondents to reuse and recycle of bottled water. As the result, most of the respondents will reuse and recycle the bottled water. This mean most of the respondents will know 3R reuse, recycle and reduce. This is because all people have responsible for(p) to protect earth. 3R will help everyone have a healthy environment and felicitousness.Figure 4.11 Consumption household of Bottle WaterThe figure 4.11 shows the consumption household of bottle water. As the result shows 33% of respondents will purchase bottled water more than their family. Besides, bring have 25%. This may be because she take care their health of family. Some respondents comment their mother will purchase 15litre per day. It is because one person at least must drink 8 cup of mineral water (Peter 2005). Therefore, respondents will purchase more water is because they take care their own body.Figure 4.12 Spokesperson will electric shock decision making of respondents? The figure 4.12 shows vo calisation influence decision making of respondents. 85% have agreed spokesperson will agree because respondents will think can same healthy and happiness with the spokesperson in the future. So, the marketer must hire spokesperson to help them compel awareness and increase sales. Besides, spokesperson also can attract and convince more consumers to buy their company product.Figure 4.13 propose to friends or familyThe figure 4.13 shows the respondents would remember their friends or family purchase bottled water. The result shows 84% of respondents will recommend their friends and family. This is because sharing is fondness. So when the respondents caring their friends and family body health and happiness, they will ploughshare their knowledge and own perception to them. On the other hand, 16% of respondents would not recommend to their friends or family is because they think bottled water is only low involvement product. Therefore, they would not thriftlessness their precious of time to share information.Figure 4.14 Advertisements influence Decision MakingThe figure 4.14 shows advertisement would impact the respondents decision making. In this result, most of the respondent will agree and strongly agree advertisement will influence their decision making when purchase bottled water. The advertisements will be use such as TV, radio, newspaper, clip and broadcasting. Most of the respondents comment TV is main factors influence their buying decision. This is because the advertising of bottled water is creative and attractive. Therefore, total 62% of respondents have agreed advertisement will cause their decision making.Figure 4.15 Event and Activities impact Consumers Behaviour The figure 4.15 shows event and activities influence respondents decision making. As the result, there are total 56% agree some event and activities will influence their decision making. For example like advancement, role play, and some competition. The promotions such as buy 1 get o ne unaffectionate (BOGOF), free gift and free sample. Some respondents comment sometimes the free gift and sample will impact their switch cost and influence decision making. Therefore, the marketer must create some promotional and advertising in order to increase rate of sale. Furthermore, promotional and advertising also can help company to crease brand image and long term relationship (Wayne, 1983).5.0 Conclusion & RecommendationsIn this research, it can investigate the attitudes towards three leading brands in a bottled water product category which is Sea Master, Dasani and Spritzer. Besides, this research will determine which factors will impact the consumer buying behaviour. This is because the consumer buying behaviour is one of the important to increase the company sales. The marketer must understand their target market needs and wants. They need to create a occupation plan in order to match their target market needs and wants. Therefore, the marketer wants to use consume r buying decision process which is need recognition, information search, evaluation of alternatives, purchase decision and post purchase behaviour to determining the consumer.Moreover, the Fishbein model also is one of the important factors. According Ajzen (1988) and Werner (2004), speculation of reasoned Action (TRA) is an attempt to provide conformity in studies of the relationship between behaviour, beliefs, intentions and attitudes. For the recommendation, the marketer must provide more promotion and advertising to create awareness and brand image. This is because most of the respondents will switch cost is because the promotional. Besides, water quality is also important.The marketer must improve their water quality and make sure their water is filter until pure. This is because most of respondents want healthy life. Lastly, the marketer must use the stainless firebrand to do bottle water. This is because 3R reuse, recycle and reduce is all people responsible. In addition, the consumers purchase will reuse and refill water again in order to save cost and reduce pollution. Finally, all bottlers of water should be controlled by a separate institute to guarantee the quality of the product and prevent misleading advertisement.6.0 List of References1. Ajzen, I. & Fishbein, M., 1980, judgement attitudes and predicting social behaviour, Englewood Cliffs, NJ Prentice-Hall. 2. Ajzen, I. 1988, Attitudes, Personality, and way, Open University Press, Milton-Keynes. 3. Ajzen, I. 1991, The Theory of Planned Behavior, Organizational Behavior and Human Decision fulfiles, vol. 50, no. 2, pp. 179-211. 4. B, G.D & James, J.P. 1999. Quality costing. 3rd Edition. Gower Publishing, Ltd. 5. Davis. L., 2004, Consumer Perception on stop water, Bottle water and Filtration Devices, IWA Publishing, London. 6. Dillman, D.A., 1978, Mail and echo surveys The total design method, Wiley, New York. 7. Edwards, W., 1966, Some Theory of Sampling, John Wiley & Son. Inc, New York 8. Fishbein, M. & Ajzen, I. 1975, Belief, attitude, intention, and behaviour Am introduction to theory and research. Englewood Cliff, NJ Prentice-Hall. 9. Graham & Skinner, 1991, handbook for Research Students in the Social Sciences, The Falmer Press London. 10. Kotler, P., Armstrong, G., Wong,V., Saunders, J. (2008). Principles of Marketing. (5th ed.). England Pearson Education Limited. 11. Malcolm. J., 1998, How to bring in Data Measurement & Evaluation, ASTD Press, United States 12. Miller, K. 2005, communication theory theories perspectives, processes, and contexts. New York McGraw-Hill. 13. Nicosia, F., 1966, Consumer Decision Processes, Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs. 14. Peter, T. 2005. Introduction toradar target recognition. IET 15. PeterH. Glrick, 2007, The Worlds water 2008-2009 The Biennial Report on Freshwater Resources, Pacific Institute, Washington. 16. Robert, B., 1982, A Handbook of Social Science Methods, Volume 3. charm New York. 17. 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Anonymous, 2011, Water Quality, Available on http//www.chem.duke.edu/jds/cruise_chem/water/wattap.html, acc essed on twenty-third serve 2012 25. Castillo, J., 2009, Convenience Sampling. Experiment Resources, Available on http//www.experiment-resoucres.com/convenience-sampling.html, accessed on 23rd March 2012 26. segment of Health, New York State, 2006, Bottled water frequently-asked questions, Available on http//www.health.state.ny.us/, accessed on 23rd March 2012 27. Melanie, C., N.D, Advantages of Bottled Water, Available on http//www.ideamarketers.com/?Advantages_of_Bottled_Water&articleid=235600&from=PROFILE, accessed on 23rd March 2012 28. Peter Y., 2010, Marketing Research, Available on http//www.slideshare.net/marcelobrescia/marketing-research-evian, accessed on 23rd March 2012 29. Rodwan, J., 2009, Confronting Challenges U.S. and International Bottled Water Developments and Statistics for 2008. Available on http//www.bottledwater.org/ cosmos/2008%20Market%20Report%20Findings%20reported%20in%20April%202009.pdf, accessed on 23rd March 2012 30. Sean, G., 2011, Bottled Water Score card, Available onhttp//static.ewg.org/report/2010/bottledwater2010/pdf/2011-bottledwater-scorecard-report.pdf, accessed on 23rd March 2012 7.0 AppendicesAppendix 7.1 Theory of Reasoned Action (adopted from Fishbein & Ajzen 1975)Source http//systemscraft.wordpress.com/2009/12/30/theory-of-reasoned-action-tra-and-theory-of-planned-behavior-tpb/ (Accessed on 23rd March 2012) Appendix 7.2 Consumer Buying Decision ProcessSource http//marketingfaq.net/2011/12/consumer-buying-decision-process/ (Accessed on 23rd March 2012)